There are many instances where ASME B31.3 does not provide explicit guidance other than to say that it is the responsibility of the designer.  The limits of beam modelling are exposed as D/t ratios get larger (>100).  Finite element analysis using shell, plate and brick elements are able to represent a physical geometry much more accurately and are able to provide information beyond that of beam modelling.  Stresses are usually checked in accordance with ASME Division 2 Section 5 or in fitness-for-service analyses to API 579 / ASME FFS.
  • Stress analysis of piping components
  • Assessment of structural attachments such as pipe shoes, clips and lugs
  • Qualification of nozzles when loads exceed the manufacturer's stated limits
  • Calculation of realistic restraint flexibility
  • Analysis of small bore connections
  • Buckling